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 (WILLIAM
FITZHERBERT, also called WILLIAM OF THWAYT).
Archbishop of York. Tradition represents him as nephew of King Stephen,
whose sister Emma was believed to have married Herbert of Winchester,
treasurer to Henry I. William became a priest, and about 1130 he was canon
and treasurer of York. In 1142 he was elected Archbishop of York at the
instance of the king, in opposition to the candidature of Henry Murdac, a
Cistercian monk. The validity of the election was disputed on the ground of
alleged simony and royal influence, and Archbishop Theobald refused to
consecrate him pending an appeal to Rome. St. Bernard exercised his powerful
influence against William in favor of Murdac, but in 1143 the pope decided
that William should be consecrated, if he could clear himself from the
accusation of bribery, and if the chapter could show that there had been no
undue royal pressure. William proved his innocence so conclusively that the
legate consecrated him archbishop at Winchester 26 September, 1143. He set
himself at once to carry out reforms in his diocese, and his gentleness and
charity soon won him popularity; but he neglected to obtain from Cardinal
Hincmar the pallium which Lucius II sent him in 1146, and the pope died
before William had been invested. The new pope, Blessed Eugenius III, was
himself a Cistercian, and the English Cistercians soon renewed their
complaints against William, which St. Bernard supported. Meanwhile Hincmar
carried the pallium back to Rome, so that, in 1147, William had to travel
there to obtain it, raising the expenses of his journey by sale of
treasurers and privileges belonging to York. This afforded fresh matter of
complaint and finally the pope suspended him from his functions on the
ground that he had enthroned the Bishop of Durham without exacting the
pledges required by the former pope.
William took refuge with his friend, the King of Sicily, but his partisans
in England took an unwise revenge by destroying Fountains Abbey, of which
Murdac was now prior. This further inflamed St. William's enemies, who again
approached the pope, with the result that in 1147 he deposed the archbishop
from his seat; and on the failure of the chapter to elect a successor, he
consecrated Murdac in his stead. St. William devoted himself to prayer and
mortification at Winchester till 1153, when the pope and St. Bernard were
both dead. He then appealed to the new pope, Anastasius IV, for restoration
to his see, a request which the death of Murdac in October made it easier to
obtain. St. William having received the pallium, returned to York, where he
showed the greatest kindness to the Cistercians who had opposed him, and
promised full restitution to Fountains Abbey. But his death, so sudden as to
cause suspicion of poison, took place within a few weeks. Miracles took
place at his tomb, and in 1227 he was canonized by Pope Honorius III. In
1283 his relics were translated to a shrine behind the high altar of York
Minster, where they remained till the Reformation. His festival is observed
in England on 8 June.
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