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The Christian
Gospel was preached in Britain before 200, and by 300 the Celtic peoples of
the island were largely Christian; but in the 400's southeastern Britain
(what we now call England) was invaded by tribes of pagan Anglo-Saxons
(Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) who subdued the Christian Celts or drove them
north and west into Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. The reconversion of
England was then accomplished by Celtic missionaries entering England from
the north and west, and Roman missionaries entering from the south and east.
The Jute kingdom of Kent was in the southeast corner of England, and in 597
a delegation of monks arrived from Rome, headed by Augustine of Canterbury
(26 May 605) (not to be confused with his more famous namesake, Augustine of
Hippo (28 August 430)). Ethelbert, king of Kent, was a pagan, but his wife
Bertha, a Frankish princess, was a Christian, and he welcomed the strangers,
listened politely to their invitation to convert, told them that he was
resolved to continue in the religion of his fathers, and gave them a plot of
ground and permission to build a church and to preach to anyone who cared to
listen. Four years later, after at least 10,000 of his subjects had
converted, Ethelbert himself was baptized. He did not pressure his remaining
pagan subjects to follow him, but gave the missionaries help and
encouragement in their preaching, built the cathedral of Saint Andrew in
Rochester and the monastery of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (later the
cathedral of Saint Augustine) at Canterbury; and influenced the conversion
of King Sabert of the East Saxons, in whose territory he built the church of
Saint Paul, London. He died on 24 February 616; but because that is the
Feast of Matthias the Apostle, he is commemorated on 25 February.
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