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Although
Cecilia is one of the most famous of the Roman martyrs, the familiar stories
about her are apparently not founded on authentic material. There is no
trace of honor being paid her in early times. A fragmentary inscription of
the late fourth century refers to a church named after her, and her feast
was celebrated at least in 545.
According to legend, Cecilia was a young Christian of high rank betrothed to
a Roman named Valerian. Through her influence Valerian was converted, and
was martyred along with his brother. The legend about Cecilias death says
that after being struck three times on the neck with a sword, she lived for
three days, and asked the pope to convert her home into a church.
Since the time of the Renaissance she has usually been portrayed with a
viola or a small organ.
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