|
|
The earliest
certain observance of a feast in honor of all the saints is an early
fourth-century commemoration of "all the martyrs." In the early seventh
century, after successive waves of invaders plundered the catacombs, Pope
Boniface IV gathered up some 28 wagonloads of bones and reinterred them
beneath the Pantheon, a Roman temple dedicated to all the gods. The pope
rededicated the shrine as a Christian church. According to Venerable Bede,
the pope intended "that the memory of all the saints might in the future be
honored in the place which had formerly been dedicated to the worship not of
gods but of demons" (On the Calculation of Time).
But the rededication of the Pantheon, like the earlier commemoration of all
the martyrs, occurred in May. Many Eastern Churches still honor all the
saints in the spring, either during the Easter season or immediately after
Pentecost.
How the Western Church came to celebrate this feast in November is a puzzle
to historians. The Anglo-Saxon theologian Alcuin observed the feast on
November 1 in 800, as did his friend Arno, Bishop of Salzburg. Rome finally
adopted that date in the ninth century.
|
|